Gonçalo Rodrigues Brás
Publications (Please, place the cursor in the titles by double-clicking to access my articles)
This chapter presents an integrative perspective of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), international orientation (IO), and performance in the sector of technology-based companies (TBCs) in Portugal. Within the framework of the dynamic capabilities view, the main objectives are to shed light on how EO contributes to the IO and performance of TBCs and how IO contributes to their performance. Based on 253 responses, the relationships between variables were established through a covariance-based structural equation modelling. The results indicate that EO has a direct (positive) effect on international orientation (IO) and an indirect (positive) effect on the performance of TBCs. IO is also found to have a direct (positive) effect on the performance of TBCs. These findings alert managers of TBCs to the relevance of EO and might induce the engagement in technology management. Furthermore, the critical role assumed by IO in this study shows a theoretical contribution to the international entrepreneurship topic and aims to be a reference to the literature.
The results of this study show that entrepreneurial intentions can be predicted by specific individual traits, namely, risk-taking, entrepreneurial alertness, creativity, proactivity and self-efficacy. Moreover, it was found that risk-taking mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and proactivity. On the other hand, students’ creativity mediates the relationship between risk-taking and proactivity. Finally, students’ self-efficacy mediates the relationship between proactiveness and entrepreneurial intention. The results have implications for entrepreneurship education given that a better understanding of the personality traits that influence entrepreneurial intentions can lead to the development of new approaches and pedagogical tools.
The aim of this study is to test the multidimensional construct of the Entrepreneurial University (EU), and therefore to confirm whether EU factors make a positive contribution to regional competitiveness. Data were collected from ten Portuguese Public Universities (PPUs) through a self-administered questionnaire. First- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed through factor and multiple linear regression analyses. The main findings show that EU related factors—perceived and combined with actual regional metrics—especially entrepreneurial supporting measures, positively contributed to regional competitiveness. This study shows policy makers that universities are not merely cost centres but provide knowledge spillovers that can have a positive influence on regional competitiveness.
It is widely known that the Global Innovation Index reports are of unique value for research purposes. The aim of this work is to provide a panel data file with all pillars of the Global Innovation Index from 2011 until 2022, covering all available economies (149 in total) by income level. After the secondary data was gathered, it was reshaped in an exhaustive process that involved directly importing it from databases or manual insertion. Based on successive Global Innovation Index reports and World Bank data, this work attempts to provide a whole set of data on the incomes of world economies by using Gross Domestic Product per capita based on purchasing power parity (constant 2017 international $ and current international $) and Gross National Income per capita in current U.S. dollars (Atlas method). A descriptive analysis is also provided of data and inferences drawn based on the income differences between economies. The data compilation shared here has a singular relevance as it makes a large amount of structured information easier to access. Moreover, data from subsequent years or even from new entries of economies in the Global Innovation Index reports could be added to the data file. As a practical implication, this work should be considered a reliable tool for quantitative research directly or indirectly related with innovation topics (policies, ecosystems, technologies, programmes, among others), as it reduces the time-consuming process of gathering data.
The EU unveiled a stimulus package as part of the multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2021–2027 and the temporary instrument designed to boost the economic recovery. This countercyclical response is aimed at avoiding a decline in the EU economy and protecting employment, vulnerable companies and necessity-driven entrepreneurs; however, it should also lay the foundations for a desirable entrepreneurial paradigm for the future that is driven by opportunity and embedded in a Circular Economy aligned to global well-being. We propose a new model that implies a different EU policy which puts entrepreneurship on the path toward and not away from development.
A number of recent scientific articles have studied the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm’s performance, though not all came in the scope of international entrepreneurship (IE). Researchers often test mediating or moderating variables that help explain this relationship. The extensive academic findings lead us to a wide range of mediating/moderating variables and to a lack of consensus in this domain. This study is in scope of IE literature, and it aims to provide new and robust insights supported by consistent empirical findings and to adopt this structural-model approach as a reference in the absence of academic consensus. Specifically, the paper examines the contribution of intrapreneurship to both the firm’s international orientation (IO) and performance in light of the IE guidelines. To this end, we examine how the EO of Portuguese exporters influences corporate performance taking into account the meditating effect of their IO on the EO – performance association through structural equation modeling. Results confirm that IO positively and significantly mediates the relationship between EO and corporate performance. EO and IO were also found to have a direct and positive effect on corporate performance. These findings confirm the relevance of intrapreneurship and international commitment to a better organisational performance and gives us empirical support to conclude that effort taken in these domains could enhance the exporters’ performance. Moreover, this study makes an empirical and theoretical contribution to the IE topic and therefore aims to be a reference to the literature in this domain.
The aim of this article is to understand whether the conditions in Portuguese public polytechnics (PPPs) when studying for a PhD are similar to those in Portuguese public universities (PPUs). Three pillars were analyzed (research, academic staff degree, and precarious rate of academic staff), and to this end, we conducted independent sample t-tests and designed a correlation matrix to shed light on the relationship between the percentage of precarious academic staff and the short-run variables in the environment of PPPs. The main findings reveal differences between PPUs and PPPs, indicating that policymakers failed to ensure that PPPs are competitive vis-a-vis PPUs in this area. Decree-Law No. 65/2018 granting PPPs the right to award doctoral degrees gives rise to a number of risks: a loss of focus in PPPs, the disappearance of the most used system in higher education (binary or dual system), and the absence of higher institutions in Portugal that provide practical training. If this is the path chosen by policymakers and the nature of course programs in PPPs and PPUs are becoming more similar, we strongly recommend that similar conditions should prevail in the two subsystems; this entails greater investment in PPPs and even the possibility of awarding PhD professional degrees in close connection with firms and corporations.
Este estudo testa a multidimensionalidade de Universidade Empreendedora (UE) e visa aferir o respetivo contributo para a competitividade regional.Com base em 619 respostas de estudantes, professores e outros colaboradores de dez universidades públicas portuguesas, foi efetuada uma análise fatorial confirmatória e uma estimação de regressão linear múltipla. O construto da UE é confirmado, comprovando a adequação das escalas para o contexto destas universidades. Os resultados mostram que os cinco fatores associados à UE - processos internos, medidas de apoio ao empreendedorismo, colaboração internacional, estratégia de financiamento e estrutura organizacional - contribuem positivamente para a perceção de competitividade regional, acentuando a função das universidades públicas enquanto polos de transferência de conhecimento dinamizadores da competitividade regional.
Given the heterogeneity and plasticity of the concept of entrepreneurship, it is crucial to change the paradigm that has prevailed in some European countries driven by necessity entrepreneurship. The proposed model can be used in some European countries to ensure that the entrepreneurial seed establishes sustainable roots rather than moving unexpectedly away from development. European countries with a similar or higher level of necessity-driven entrepreneurship to Portugal could take advantage of the proposed shift in the entrepreneurial paradigm. This implies countries making changes to policies related to the role of entrepreneurship in their sustainable development, potentially accelerated by EU's 7-year budget and COVID-19 recovery package to minimise the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy.
This paper seeks to identify some of the most important drivers of Portuguese local government transparency in their activities over time. Recent literature on good governance has repeatedly identified transparency as central to promoting accountability, preventing corruption and mismanagement, and stimulating greater civic engagement. As local government is the main provider of many primary services to the population, evaluating its transparency is especially relevant given that misconduct or maladministration will have a strong impact on the population’s well-being. Given increased diffusion of European good governance norms and practices, we believe the Portuguese case to be relevant across the EU.
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Within the framework of North's institutional theory (1990, 2005), the aim of this study is to analyse the impact of economic and institutional factors (formal and informal), on entrepreneurship in both Latvia and the Baltic countries as a whole in the post-Soviet era. Based on international entrepreneurship topic, a multiple regression approach was used with data from 1996 to 2014 with a time-series model (Latvia), a panel data model and a dynamic panel data model (Baltic countries). The empirical findings for the Baltic countries suggest that a lower level of corruption, fewer constraints on capital investment, higher investment expenditure, a higher level of financial development, fewer trade barriers, lower inflationary pressure and less governmental price regulation tend to increase entrepreneurial activity. It was also found that entrepreneurial activity adjusted relatively quickly in these countries, which reveals a regenerative capacity in the short-run. On the other hand, the empirical findings specifically for the Latvian economy show that entrepreneurial activity tends to increase due to the fall in corruption and greater financial development. Despite some unexpected results related to fiscal freedom and property rights, the findings provide economic policy-makers with important information about the main determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the Baltics.​
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setembro de 2020
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Artigo de reflexão sobre a utilidade da criação de um Banco de Fomento em Portugal, particularmente no contexto da atual pandemia COVID-19
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This chapter presents an in-depth critical overview of the theoretical and methodological approaches that have been used to assess the impact of Universities on regional competitiveness and development, including short-term/demand-side (economic) perspective and long-term/supply side (endogenous growth, technological transfer and commercialization, and institutional) perspective. It gives special attention to the potential impacts of universities' technology transfer and entrepreneurship activities on regional competitiveness, considering the ongoing transformation process of universities towards a ‘regional engaged entrepreneurial university' model.
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The aim of this study is to test empirically the determinants of entrepreneurship (overall and sectoral) in the Portuguese economy. Despite the methodological limitations inherent in such studies, which are mainly due to the incompatibility of some series and the temporal limitations of some data, this challenge is fuelled by the novelty of a cross-sectoral view of the entrepreneurial phenomenon. For this purpose, we employ an estimation approach based on time-series models to confirm (or reject) diverse hypotheses. The main results indicate that the determinants of entrepreneurship in the industry are significantly different from the determinants of entrepreneurship in the services sector in Portugal. On the other hand, the determinants of entrepreneurship in the service sector are very similar to those explaining the overall entrepreneurial activity, due to the high share of services in the total economic activity. The main conclusions of the study can guide institutional decision-makers to adopt adequate policies for promoting entrepreneurship in Portugal. Additionally, strategic routes are suggested for the sustainable development of entrepreneurial activity.
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This study attempts to develop an ordered logit/probit regression model to identify the determinants of the geographical distribution of business incubators (BIs) in Portuguese regions. The results show that Portuguese BIs are more likely to be geographically concentrated in regions where the number of patent applications is higher, usually in the larger regions (particularly in metropolitan areas), and mostly in regions with a university. The study clearly demonstrates the importance of Portuguese universities to the location of BIs.
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Revista Crítica Económica e Social nº 20, dezembro de 2019
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Artigo de reflexão sobre a formação bruta de capital fixo público nos últimos anos em Portugal.
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setembro de 2019
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Artigo de opinião publicado no Jornal Público sobre a abertura dos partidos políticos ao investimento público em Portugal.
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agosto de 2019
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Artigo de opinião publicado no Jornal Público e no Jornal i online referente à precariedade em Portugal, designadamente na ciência e ensino superior
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agosto de 2019
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Artigo de opinião publicado no Jornal Público e no Jornal i online referente à precariedade em Portugal, designadamente na ciência e ensino superior.
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Vol 9, No 4 (2018)
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As a multidisciplinary concept, entrepreneurship can be explained by numerous factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test empirically the determinants of entrepreneurship (overall and sectoral) in the Portuguese economy. We employ an estimation approach based on time series models to confirm (or reject) a diversity of hypotheses. The main results indicate that the determinants of entrepreneurship in industry are significantly different from the determinants of entrepreneurship in the service sector in Portugal. On the other hand, the determinants of entrepreneurship in the service sector are very similar to those explaining the overall entrepreneurial activity, due to the high share of service in total economic activity. The conclusions can guide institutional decision-makers to adopt adequate policies for promoting entrepreneurship in Portugal. Additionally, strategic routes for the sustainable development of entrepreneurial activity are suggested.
Working Paper No. 2018-04, Centre for Business and Economics Research. Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra
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The aim of this study is to test empirically the determinants of entrepreneurship (overall and sectoral) in the Portuguese economy. Despite the methodological limitations inherent in such studies, which are mainly due to the incompatibility of some series and the temporal limitations of some data, the novelty involving a cross-sectoral view of the entrepreneurial phenomenon fuels this challenge. For this purpose, we employ an estimation approach based on time series models to confirm (or reject) a diversity of hypotheses. The main results indicate that the determinants of entrepreneurship in industry are significantly different from the determinants of entrepreneurship in the service sector in Portugal. On the other hand, the determinants of entrepreneurship in the service sector are very similar to those explaining the overall entrepreneurial activity, due to the high share of services in total economic activity. The main conclusions of the study can guide institutional decision-makers to adopt adequate policies for promoting entrepreneurship in Portugal. Additionally, strategic routes for the sustainable development of entrepreneurial activity are suggested.
Book Chapter - Entrepreneurship and Structural Change in Dynamic Territories, May 2018
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Business incubators (BIs) are important entities in the entrepreneurial ecosystem and, as such, can make a significant contribution to regional development. The aim of this exploratory work is to describe the business incubation activity in Portugal and thus fill the current gap in the literature. Due to the limited data and few institutional sources, we adopt a methodology driven by the challenge of identifying the situation of BIs and new firms within the entrepreneurial setting in Portugal. The study, using data gathered in 2015, reveals the asymmetrical distribution of BIs across Portuguese districts and the mismatch between the number of BIs and the number of new firms. Policy makers can use the district patterns of business incubation activity identified in this research to develop an integrated BI network that addresses the business particularities of Portuguese districts. This framework can lead to new lines of research. These include the study of the wide range of services provided by BIs to tenant firms in Portugal, the analysis of factors influencing the spatial distribution of Portuguese BIs, and the comparative analysis of the performance of specialized and non-specialized BIs in the Portuguese territory.
Revista Crítica Económica e Social nº 15, março de 2018
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Artigo crítico da derrama municipal enquanto instrumento da atração de investimento privado. Além das correlações estatísticas confirmarem a sua irrelevância neste domínio no ano de 2015, são referidos outros fatores passíveis do fomento do investimento privado, os quais raramente são elencados.
Público e Observador, outubro de 2017
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No âmbito do contexto autárquico, abordagem de um conjunto de aspetos da descentralização de competências na salvaguarda do interesse público, sob pena de alavancar alguma falta de transparência autárquica.
O Jornal Económico (digital), junho de 2016
Suplemento de Economia do Expresso, novembro de 2016
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Artigo de opinião que versa sobre a Estratégia Nacional para o Empreendedorismo e as condições consideradas adequadas para que vingue no mercado nacional.
Rev. Portuguesa e Brasileira de Gestão - INDEG/ISCTE, vol.14, no.3, Lisboa, set. 2015
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Enquanto conceito multidisciplinar e usualmente conotado com a inovação, o empreendedorismo é suscetível de ser explicado por inúmeros fatores. Com efeito, este trabalho tem como objetivo testar, numa ótica exploratória, os determinantes do empreendedorismo (global e setorialmente) na economia portuguesa. Para tal, propomos a estimação de alguns modelos de séries temporais. Os principais resultados indicam que os determinantes do empreendedorismo na indústria são, significativamente, diferentes dos determinantes do empreendedorismo no setor de serviços em Portugal. Apesar das limitações metodológicas inerentes a um trabalho desta natureza, principalmente devido à incompatibilidade de algumas séries e à limitação temporal de alguns dados, a novidade que encerra a perceção transversal do fenómeno empreendedor em Portugal alimenta o desafio.
Bring Entrepreneurs Together, plataforma BETup
Artigo de opinião sobre o empreendedorismo em Portugal e a sua compatibilidade com a estratégia de internacionalização da economia portuguesa.
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Working paper nº14/2015, Grupo de Estudos Monetários e Financeiros da Universidade de Coimbra
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The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of a variety of factors (economic, institutional, competitiveness, formal and informal) on the entrepreneurial activity of nations, given by the Total Entrepreneurial Activity rate (TEA). A panel data approach of 26 developed countries is used to evaluate the simultaneous influence of the referred factors on TEA over the period 2004-2011. Aiming to include a wide range of variables imposed by the multidisciplinary entrepreneurship concept, the stepwise regression approach is applied with backward elimination of insignificant variables.
Working paper nº14/2015, Grupo de Estudos Monetários e Financeiros da Universidade de Coimbra
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The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of a variety of factors (economic, institutional, competitiveness, formal and informal) on the entrepreneurial activity of nations, given by the Total Entrepreneurial Activity rate (TEA). A panel data approach of 26 developed countries is used to evaluate the simultaneous influence of the referred factors on TEA over the period 2004-2011. Aiming to include a wide range of variables imposed by the multidisciplinary entrepreneurship concept, the stepwise regression approach is applied with backward elimination of insignificant variables.
​Artigo publicado no Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research, Vol.: 3, Issue.: 4 -
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The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of economic and institutional factors, formal and informal, in the entrepreneurial activity of nations, particularly in Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) within the institutional theory of North.
​Artigo publicado na revista 'Cadernos de Economia', nº 110, 51-56
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Artigo que pretende retratar a dinâmica empreendedora em Portugal, com incidência na criação líquida de empresas e no rácio entre novas empresas e empresas dissolvidas em Portugal.
​Artigo publicado no Grupo de Estudos Monetários e Financeiros da Universidade de Coimbra
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Within the institutional theory of North (1990, 2005), the objective of this study is to analyse the impact of economic and institutional factors, formal and informal, in the entrepreneurial activity of nations, particularly in Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA).
​Artigo publicado no suplemento de economia do Semanário Expresso, de 7 de junho de 2014, nº2171
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Artigo de opinião crítico da estratégia seguida pelo atual executivo, com incidência no curso da I&D, no desinvestimento em educação e na redução do custo unitário do trabalho.
​Artigo publicado no Anuário Janus de 2014 - Conjuntura internacional, o estado do Estado: Metamorfoses da Violência.
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Trabalho crítico da internacionalização económica dos nossos dias numa alusão ao processo de globalização e ao empreendedorismo por necessidade.
JANUS.NET e-journal of International Relations, Vol. 5, N.º 1, 114-130.
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This current work is an example of applying the methodology of "thematic analysis" to a set of business success stories in the process of internationalization. It is assumed that these cases, as a hypothesis, constitute discourses obtained appropriately allowing synthesizing and relating some of the basic features inherent in the internationalization of companies. Results showed the prevalence of stimuli intrinsic to the company, to the detriment of extrinsic stimuli, and lower incidence that companies expose their barriers to internationalization. In the area of internationalization of firms, it confirms the association of entrepreneurial characteristics and the fundamental export nature of Portuguese business companies.
In C. Costa, F. Brandão, R. Costa & Z. Breda (Eds.), Turismo nos Países Lusófonos: conhecimento, estratégia e territórios, Escolar Editora.Vol. I, pp. 168-181
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Capítulo XX do livro 'Turismo nos Países Lusófonos: conhecimento, estratégia e territórios' dedicado à caracterização do turismo na Guiné-Bissau e aos elementos fundamentais a considerar para a evolução daquele setor.
​Artigo publicado nO Jornal Económico (OJE), Edição 1623, de 9 de abril de 2014
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Artigo de opinião que coloca a nu as debilidades dos pressupostos que servem de base para justificar a sustentabilidade da dívida pública nacional.
​Artigo publicado nO Jornal Económico (OJE), Edição 1586, de 28 de janeiro de 2014
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Artigo de opinião crítico do empreendedorismo por necessidade, o qual parece emergir em Portugal.
​Artigo publicado no Jornal de Leiria, Edição 1535, de 12 de dezembro de 2013
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Artigo de opinião crítico do processo da reforma do Estado.
​Artigo publicado na revista "Studia - Scientiæ Rerum Diffusio", nº16, setembro/2013
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A internacionalização da economia nacional tem sido assumida como desígnio estratégico para o crescimento. Ciente desta importância, com base no referencial teórico, é feita uma incursão pelas dimensões da internacionalização, com o intuito de identificar as grandes áreas de performance, e são analisados os indicadores de performance. O âmbito lato e diversificado da performance, em resultado da complexidade das teorias de internacionalização, não observa correspondência no leque limitado de dimensões identificadas e no estrito número de indicadores definidos no domínio da internacionalização, na esmagadora maioria indicadores financeiros.
​Artigo publicado no Jornal de Leiria, Edição 1520, de 29 de agosto de 2013
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Artigo de opinião relativo ao papel do empreendedorismo no processo de internacionalização de empresas.
​Artigo publicado no Semanário Expresso, no Semanário Vida Económica, nº1502, de 19 de julho de 2013 e no Jornal das Caldas, Edição 1112, de 21 de agosto de 2013
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Artigo de opinião crítico da estratégia seguida pelo Ministério das Finanças do atual executivo.
​Artigo publicado na Revista Portuguesa e Brasileira de Gestão, 12, nº 2 de Julho de 2013
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O trabalho visa analisar o impacto da fiscalidade no processo de internacionalização da indústria de moldes.Com base na informação recolhida por via de um inquérito aplicado às empresas exportadoras da indústria de moldes com a CAE 25734 (fabricação de moldes metálicos), os resultados mostram que o fator fiscal é tido como pouco importante no processo de internacionalização. Os resultados obtidos permitem ainda concluir que empresas do sector com capital social mais avultado estão, do ponto de vista fiscal, mais bem preparadas para a internacionalização.
​Artigo publicado no Anuário da Economia Portuguesa de 2013 e na revista "Trabalho e Segurança Social", Vida Económica, Jun/2013
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Este pequeno ensaio empírico tem como objetivo demonstrar que a diminuição do salário mínimo real não constitui um instrumento válido para a diminuição da taxa de desemprego ou para a criação líquida de emprego.
​Artigo publicado na revista "Gestão e Desenvolvimento", Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Jul/2013
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A investigação versa a avaliação da influência simultânea dos fatores económicos e institucionais na atividade empreendedora de um conjunto de países. Através de uma regressão linear múltipla, optou-se pela estimação de um modelo cross-section. Os resultados evidenciam uma relação inversa, expectável, entre a TEA (Taxa de atividade empreendedora associada a cada país), o PIB per capita e a carga burocrática (número de dias para formalizar a entrada de uma nova empresa no negócio) e uma relação inversa, não expectável, entre a TEA e a liberdade fiscal. Os resultados mostram ainda uma relação direta, expectável, entre a TEA e a autonomia/liberdade empresarial face aos gastos do estado.
​Artigo publicado na revista "Contabilidade & Empresas", Vida Económica, Jan/2013
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São revisitadas as dificuldades de harmonização no campo da tributação direta para refutar a hipótese de globalização fiscal. No entanto, ao longo da última década, verifica-se, à escala global, a tendência para uma diminuição generalizada das taxas legais de imposto.
​Artigo publicado na revista "O Economista - Anuário da Economia Portuguesa", Dez/2012
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É discutida a importância do fator fiscal enquanto estímulo na internacionalização de empresas. O fator fiscal é geralmente tido como acessório para a decisão de investimento e na determinação da sua localização. Todavia, poderá ser mais ou menos importante em razão da natureza do processo de internacionalização em causa.
​Artigo publicado na revista "Ordem dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas", Jul/2011
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A problemática da diminuição gradual das taxas legais de imposto na UE e nos países da OCDE e a sua compensação através do alargamento da base tributável enquanto garante dos níveis de receita fiscal.
Documento elaborado para o IMVF que contém as diretrizes funcionais para o complexo turístico 7Djorson (http://www.artissal.org/), designadamente:
- o processo documental e a ligação com a contabilidade;
- a política de recursos humanos;
- o modelo de governação;
- a monitorização dos três centros de resultados do complexo turístico;
- a análise de sensibilidade financeira face a diferentes cenários do lado da procura.
Plano estratégico quinquenal (2009-2013) do Península de Peniche Surf Clube (Doc. interno)
Grandes linhas orientadoras para o período entre 2009 e 2013. Articulação e conjugação das metas parcelares do plano operacional com os pressupostos do plano estratégico.